>>2it's super easy, seriously
read a grammar guide or the book "toki pona the language of good", but here's a stupid simple primer:
the grammar is a little odd in spots (prepositions kinda suck in toki pona lol)
but most sentences basically follow the flow of
"(time/context la) (subject adjectives) (li verb adverbs) (e target adjectives)"
dropping the parts you don't use
the other form of sentences is "X li Y", which basically works out to "X is Y" (eg, moku li pona -> food is good)
yes, there isn't a great way to distinguish some things (jan li moku can translate as "the person is eating" or "the person is edible/food"
if you have two verbs, use li before each one
if you have multiple targets, use e before each one
if you have multiple subjects, use en before each one other than the first
if you have multiple context pieces, use la after each one
and the word li is skipped if mi (me) or sina (you), with no adjectives, is the subject
words that aren't particles (li, e, o, etc) can be any part of speech (the list of prepositions is fixed though, not every word is a preposition)
for example tawa as a noun is "motion", tawa as a verb is "to move", tawa as an adjective is "moving", I can't think of what it'd mean as an adverb but if you saw it, you'd be able to understand it lol... and since tawa is also a preposition, it can mean "to"
that's 90% of the grammar, the rest is on using prepositions and dealing with ordering adjectives/adverbs and I'm too lazy to type that up
the full grammar of the language fits on a single printer page
so if something looks complicated, it doesn't get more complicated
you can learn 100% of the language in like a month if you're really fast, or more like 3-4 months if you take things nice and easy and don't take it super seriously
and you can be pretty much fluent at it in less than a year if you keep using it